Proposed Answers to Questions


2 or 3 "Theory" is a set of answers based on a hypothesized conclusion

  • Good decisions need perspective or space.
  • Quick choices want focus or time.

This might imply they contradict or complement one another.

The conclusion of duality inexplicably extends from the foundation of space-time to the awareness-focus of "terran" minds without accident.

Describing our universe or mind can be done from more than one perspective or view.  One of those may state it's made of atoms or molecules.  Another may state it as oscillations or waves.

To describe the physical using a patent application format, the template "Method of [fill in the blank] using electric or magnetic fields or noise or waves, conductive or diamagnetic or insulative materials, size or shape, geometry or position, oscillation or resonance" will cover most of our physical universe.  [2023-07-16 @ 01:00 PM]

There's good reason for that.

The proposed answers to questions below are based in a definition or description of our universe rooted in the electric or magnetic fields.  Those 2 or 3 fields give rise to everything we know or experience.  That translates to 2 perspectives, views, or types for anything we can conceivable with 3 often being some combination of the 2.  Yes, it even provides an answer for the number of neutrino "types".  [2023-04-03 @ 12:22 AM]

Gravity doesn't need a quantum theory to describe it.  Quantum mechanics isn't quite as expected or it works exactly as believed.  Anyone can accidentally alter the gravity where they live enough to be noticed though hopefully not enough to make walking or standing difficult.  [2023-02-12 @ 06:29 PM]

  • What is 2 or 3 "Theory"?  [2022-12-20 @ 09:02 PM]  [2023-06-03 @ 01:47 PM]
    • A working theory which states that everything in our universe consists of 2 or 3 individual components.
    • Each individual component itself consists of 2 or 3 components.  This is followed until the components are the electric or magnetic fields.
  • What is electromagnetism?  [2023-03-04 @ 06:57 PM]
    • The physics behind how particles with electric charge interact through electric or magnetic fields.
  • What is magnetoelectrism?  [2023-03-04 @ 06:57 PM]
    • The physics front of how waves without magnetic poles interact through magnetic or electric fields.
    • Science may have forgotten or wiped it from memory.  There's a poor reason for that.
  • How does entanglement work?  [2022-12-22 @ 07:10 AM]
    • Entanglement occurs due to resonance.
      • The photons, particles or objects which are entangled become part of the same resonant wave.
  • How does resonance work?  [2022-12-22 @ 08:12 AM]  [2023-03-14 @ 03:52 AM]
    • Resonance occurs due to the effect waves have on space as they propagate.
    • When a wave is amplified due to resonance it occurs at the expense of time.
    • Light and other electromagnetic waves exert a force on space as they pass.  The greater the frequency the more energy they have and more force they exert.  This force causes space to contract  slightly then return to normal after the wave passes.
    • With time being a change in the dimension of space - time moves forward as space expands and backward as it collapses - higher frequency waves take longer to travel a given distance than a lower frequency wave.  This allows a lower frequency wave to catch up.
    • This doesn't change the velocity of the wave - both are still propagating at the speed of light in their respective frames.
    • As a lower frequency wave catches up with a higher frequency wave, it enters the contracted region of space created by it.  This can cause it to gain or lose  frequency or amplitude or change direction at the expense of time.
    • The higher frequency wave can also gain or lose frequency or amplitude or change direction.  Which of them changes depends on the angle of intersection between the 2 waves.
    • Both waves are then part of the same resonant wave and share the same frame.
    • When 3 waves intersect they can form a corkscrew - this is a fully resonant wave.  A fully resonant electromagnetic wave (light, radio, etc...) is a gravitational wave.
  • Can resonance impart mass? [2023-03-31 @ 03:39 PM]
    • Yes, and it does.
    • Consider the mass of a proton.  The quarks which comprise it have individual weights which don't add up to the total expected.
    • The missing mass is due to resonance.
  • Why do the decay rates for radioactive elements change most during the winter?  [2023-05-04 @ 03:39 PM]
    • A combination of being closer to the sun (increased density of neutrinos) and increased use of electricity though it's the effect on electric potential that matters.
  • What is dark matter?  [2023-03-29 @ 06:06 PM]. [2023-03-29 @ 08:09 PM]
    • The effect of resonance.  It all comes down to resonance.  [2023-04-24 @ 06:13 PM]
    • There's at least 6 or 7 things which make up dark matter:
      • Standing waves within electric or magnetic fields.
        • Applies to any distinct or projected electric or magnetic field such as:
          • Shared or individual fields which make up a galaxy.
          • Adjacent fields which do or don't overlap.
          • Resonance due to interaction between electric or magnetic fields can contribute to the effect.
      • Relativistic gravity - oscillations within gravitational waves such as those emitted from massive objects orbiting one another as their orbits decay.
        • Suggested to be an equivalent to sound waves.  [2023-03-29 @ 10:47 PM]
      • Gravitational resonance - same as resonance between sound waves or electromagnetic (radio) waves.  [Need to include electric waves or magnetic waves]
      • Magnetic resonance - Between the electric or magnetic fields of singularities entering or exiting quasar stage and others.
      • Neutrinos - As propagating magnetic fields they have mass though it's individually small.
      • Not accounting for the effect waves have on space or as standing waves.
      • Underestimates of the mass or gravitational fields for existing matter or space. [2022-10-02 @ 10:09 PM]  [2023-03-02 @ 09:57 AM]
    • Supporting assumptions:
      • When an object is accelerated through space toward the speed of light it's mass increases.
      • If an object actually reached the speed of light it's mass would become infinitely large.
    • Proposed assumption:
      • The same increase in mass occurs to an object whether it's accelerated through space toward the speed of light or whether the space it occupies contains gravitational waves oscillating at speeds toward the speed of light.
      • Any 2 or more massive enough objects orbiting each other close enough can be a source of gravitational waves oscillating this way as their orbits decay and they fall toward each other.
        • Neutron stars
        • Singularities
  • Why does the amount of dark matter in some galaxies appear to vary over time? [2023-03-28 @ 02:41 PM]. [2023-03-29 @ 08:07 PM]
    • There's no evidence to support that.
    • Potential causes can be theorized using basic physics though observations are required for confirmation.  Some initial assumptions would be:
      • The central singularity for a galaxy shares a magnetic field with it.
      • The singularity is entering or exiting a quasar stage.
      • When jets from a singularity are generated they stretch it's magnetic field in the direction of the jets which contracts it perpendicular to them.
      • The occurrence of light, electric, magnetic, electromagnetic, or gravity waves changes over time for a given region of space or projected field.
    • Magnetic field contraction or expansion affects other objects within a magnetic field.
    • Light, electric, magnetic, electromagnetic, or gravity waves count towards the effective mass for a given region of space or projected field.
  • What is dark energy?  [2023-02-15 @ 09:45 PM]
    • It's an illusion of what appear to be other galaxies, etc... accelerating away from us and is caused by 2 things:
      • The stretching or weakening of space local to Earth.
        • Space being the summation or projection of electric or magnetic fields.  [2023-03-04 @ 04:25 PM]
      • The Earth's mass is essentially increasing due to resonant waves from wireless technologies like radio, microwaves, cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth.
  • Why do some theories on the nature of our universe frame it as a holographic projection?  [2023-03-04 @ 04:23 PM]
    • The universe exists with the beginning or ending of time as a series of electric or magnetic fields between expanding or collapsing and strengthening or weakening.
      • A "flat" or 2 dimensional electric field.
      • A "twisted" or 3 dimensional magnetic field.
      • At any given time we exist within those fields and all others since.
      • Those details may be used to infer or guess that prior to our universe, there may have been a single field or "point" and should another universe follow it may have more than 2 fields and extend another dimension.
        • There's no supporting evidence for that yet. 
  • What is gravity or a gravitational wave?
    • Both are a resonant oscillation contained within an electric or magnetic field.
    • All resonant oscillations are contained within at least 1 electric or magnetic field.
    • This means gravitational waves propagating away from orbiting objects (which are losing energy as their orbits decay) should be counted towards a galaxies mass.  [2022-12-20 @ 08:49 PM]
  • Can gravity be artificially generated?  [2022-12-20 @ 09:12 PM] [2023-01-30 @ 06:45 PM]
    • There's no such thing as "artificial" gravity - it either is or isn't.
    • But gravity can easily be generated with minimal equipment or work.  It just won't be very powerful relative to the Earth's gravity.
    • Creating a static electric field containing a standing wave of as many frequencies as possible will produce a gravitational field.
    • Here's a simple way to generate a gravitational field (one or more components or details may or may not be omitted due to "concern" over misuse or use):  [2023-06-03 @ 01:43 PM]
  • What are the 2 or 3 ways of producing gravitational waves?  [2023-04-02 @ 10:15 AM]
    1. Adding or returning potential to the electric or magnetic fields.
    2. An electromagnetic wave on the instead of outside of either an electric or magnetic field surrounded by the other.
      • When this forms a standing wave it's a gravitational field.
    3. Having "mass" which may or may not be the right way to look at it.
  • Why does the sun have a huge temperature difference between it's surface and corona?  [2022-12-21 @ 01:34 AM]
    • Light (and other waves) are partially reflected back by the sun's static electric field.  [2022-12-25 @ 06:16 PM]
      • When the reflected waves travel back at a shallow angle they can reach the corona at another location to reflect again.
      • Variations in the sun's static electric field result in waves that can reflect asymmetrically to become more or less resonant.
      • The result are resonant oscillations (standing waves) that encircle the sun:
        • Any resonant oscillation contained within a static electric or magnetic field... is gravity.
      • This collapses the static electric field...
  • Does the sun's surface give off thermal radiation and the corona (and or "neighboring regions") emit radiation of shorter wavelength (i.e. light)?  [2023-07-03 @ 01:56 PM]
    • There's no evidence to support that.
  • What forces keep a star from expanding or collapsing out of control or balance?  [2023-01-02 @ 03:53 PM]  [2023-02-15 @ 09:40 PM]
    • Opposing gravitational fields:
      • The matter (mainly gas) which extends from a star's surface to its core.
      • The resonant waves in the atmosphere or above the surface (corona).
  • How much does a star "weigh"?  [2023-02-15 @ 09:38 PM]  [2023-02-26 @ 07:17 PM]
    • Not as much or more than commonly believed.
      • The resonant waves above a star's surface generate a secondary or independent gravitational field.
      • This means estimating or inferring a star's mass by the observed effect of gravity on nearby objects gives the wrong value.
      • The smallest known red dwarf star is believed to be 70 to 200 times the mass of Jupiter.  That may be an incorrect range on either end.
  • What is "regular" matter and antimatter?
    • "Regular" matter = A resonant electric oscillation contained within a static electric field which results in an outer magnetic field.
    • Antimatter = A resonant magnetic oscillation contained within a static magnetic field which results in an outer electric field.
      • This is also the structure of "ball lightning".

      At small enough scales, both the electric and magnetic fields become indistinguishable and are then an electromagnetic field.  This is why matter and antimatter are essentially identical though their  field combinations are opposites, will cancel each other out with direct contact, and release their respective resonant oscillations in the annihilation.

  • Where is all the predicted antimatter?
  • Why is there believed to be a matter-antimatter imbalance?  [2023-02-19 @ 10:33 AM]
    • The antimatter is mixed right in with the normal matter or apart from it.
    • The imbalance is due to "mislabeling":
      • Each part of an atom is currently categorized as normal matter.
      • A better understanding of what makes up protons, neutrons, or electrons should or will even out the situation.
  • What is time?  [2023-02-20 @ 08:46 PM]
    • Time is simply a change in the dimension of space.
      • The arrow of time moves forward as space expands.
      • The arrow of time moves backward as space contracts.
      • Time can stop or reverse under conditions similar to a star which collapses to a fraction of it's original size.
  • Is time travel possible:  [2023-02-26 @ 07:29 PM]
    1. In a manner of speaking?
      • Yes.
      • [Be sure to explain the simplest way to do this (short of rewinding each superimposed electric ot magnetic field back to a desired space-time) is to save a snapshot of the field projection required.]
    2. For practical travel?
      • No.  You wouldn't feel very well or feelings would have no meaning afterward.
      • [Be sure to explain the odds of happiness after riding a collapsing singularity back through time to the beginning or ending of a universe.]
  • What is the speed of light or what does it mean?  [2023-02-24 @ 11:57 AM]  [2023-03-28 @ 03:32 PM]
    • It's the minimal rate of expansion for space within a given distinct or aggregate projected field.
    • For the speed of light to be what it is our universe must be expanding by at least that rate.  Otherwise light and other electromagnetic waves would partially or entirely reflect from it's inner surface to form a standing wave.  A standing gravitational waves is a gravitational field so would exert a force to slow down any expansion or reverse it to a collapse or contraction.
    • The relative frame of reference for any observer is projected electric or magnetic field.
  • Do magnetic fields propagate at the speed of light?  [2023-02-24 @ 11:57 AM]
    • Yes or no depending on how they're moving.
    • Spinning a permanent magnet near other magnets can give the impression that magnetic fields move slowly.
      • Each turn of the permanent magnet will transfer momentum to nearby magnets but with a noticeable delay.
      • The faster the permanent magnet turns the less of an effect each rotation exerts 
    • This happens because the magnetic field (pervasive classical) imparts mass.  Any wave or particle traveling it must have mass and can't reach the speed of light.
  • What are neutrinos?  [2023-02-26 @ 11:20 PM]
    • A non-static or moving magnetic field or oscillation.
      • Technically, they are magnetic current.  [2023-02-27 @ 03:50 AM]
      • Have no measured electric charge.
      • Were predicted to have no mass but found to have extremely low mass.
      • Shift from one type or "flavor" to another as they propagate through space.
      • Rarely interact with matter.
      • Correlate with increased rates of decay for radioactive elements typically noticeable during certain times of year.
      • Process of elimination leaves only magnetic fields .
        • This means radioactive decay does not occur spontaneously and decay rates are by no means fixed or constant.
        • Knowing this may allow even  heavier elements to be created or their lifespan extended.
  • What is a neutrino?  [2023-07-30 @ 03:20 PM]
    • A 2 or 3 "dimensional" oscillation in an electric or magnetic field.
  • Why do neutrinos change type or "flavor"?  [2022-11-13 @ 05:18 PM]
    • The "flavor" changes when the orientation of a neutrino's oscillations changes relative to the pervasive magnetic field.
  • Why do neutrino detectors work by  measuring flashes of light?  [2023-02-02 @ 10:17 AM]
    • The collision between a neutrino and the quark it collides with releases the resonant oscillation contained in the quark.
      • Neutrinos consist of a static magnetic field surrounded by a static electric field.
      • They're the opposite of the quark they strike (which is how they find contact in the first place) making them anti-matter.
  • What is static electricity?  [2023-05-23 @ 02:00 PM]
    • An electric field with more negative charge than positive charge or vice versa.
  • What causes a static electric "discharge"?  [2023-05-23 @ 02:00 PM]
    • It's when an electric field with more negative or positive charge finds an electric field with more positive or negative charge which triggers an exchange of charges as electric current.
    • This generates or produces one or more magnetic waves.  [2023-05-23 @ 02:22 PM]
  • What are protons?
    • Have a positive electric charge, are made up of 3 quarks with resonance binding them together.
    • The electron and proton charges behave similarly to a magnet broken in two and it's pieces.  Each remains connected to the other through a shared magnetic or electric  field.
  • What are quarks made of?
    • Quarks are singularities.
    • At any scope or scale when a resonant oscillation is contained within a static electromagnetic field - it's technically a singularity.
      • To be specific it is one or more  resonant oscillations contained within a static electric field contained surrounded by a magnetic field.  [2022-11-13 @ 04:40 PM]
    • When a standing wave forms within a static electromagnetic field such that the distance traveled is retraced within the waves own wake, the wave no longer exerts any inward or outward pressure on the field - it's a stable singularity or quark.  [2022-12-22 @ 08:39 AM]
  • Are quarks double or triple "wrapped"?  [2023-07-16 @ 12:54 PM]
    • There's no evidence to support that.
      • It may or may not be proposed as:
        • One or more resonance oscillations contained within 2 or 3 electric or magnetic fields.
  • Why are there 6 types of quarks?  [2022-11-13 @ 04:40 PM]
    • There are 6 types of quarks due to the 6 degrees of freedom in space.
    • The orientation of the oscillation(s) contained within the quark - relative to the pervasive electric or magnetic fields when the quark formed - determines which type it is.
    • This creates the gravitational field it contributes to matter and leads to a possible explanation for inertia.  [2022-11-13 @ 05:35 PM]
  • What is an electron?  [2023-02-19 @ 02:55 AM]
    • A 2 or 3 "dimensional" oscillation in an electric or magnetic field.  [2023-07-30 @ 03:22 PM]
    • Either a static  magnetic field surrounded by an electric field which doesn't contain resonant oscillations or standing waves.
      • This was previously theorized to be the basis for anti-matter.
      • If correct then the electron is an anti-particle and what we currently call the positron is the particle.
    • OR
    • A static electric field without a surrounding magnetic field and which doesn't contain resonant oscillations or standing waves.
      • Without resonant oscillations or standing waves to stabilize it by exerting a contracting force, it must be small or strong enough to be intrinsically stable.
  • What is ball lightning?
    • It's a static electromagnetic field turned inside out:
      • Instead of a static electric field surrounded by a magnetic field it's a static magnetic field surrounded by an electric field.
      • It may provide a partial explanation for what is anti-matter in the form of an anti-quark.
    • It may also be the basis for part of the reason why the Earth's mass is increasing.
  • Does a neutron star explode or implode due to an increase or loss of mass?  [2023-07-16 @ 12:41 PM]
    • There's no evidence to support that.
    • A theoretical "chain of events" can be imagined or suggested within the following steps:
      • When a neutron star "siphons" or "steals" materials from a companion object, it arrives with respective electric or magnetic fields.
      • The neutron star's own electric or magnetic field(s) - combined with its rotation - may or may not extract or return potential to the electric or magnetic field.
      • Resistance of space to a gravitational field therefore changes.
      • The change in resistance either decreases or increases the neutron star's mass.
      • An "explosion" or "implosion" results.
  • How does a magnetar form?
    • From the collapse of a star spinning so quickly that gravitational waves aren't able to fully resonate in all directions:
      • This means the static electric field produced by the star isn't strong enough to match it's magnetic field and form a containing static electromagnet field as a singularity.
      • The faster the star spins the weaker its static electric field may be.
      • As the star goes through cycles of expansion and contraction (pulsing) near the end of it's life and gravity waves resonate to collapse it, the lack of a strong enough static electromagnetic field to create standing gravitational waves keeps the star from collapsing all the way to a singularity.
      • It partially collapses and it's magnetic field then dominates over it's electric field.
  • What causes a type 1a supernova?
    • Once a white dwarf has acquired enough super heated material to build up a static electric field of sufficient strength on it's surface and the rotation of the white dwarf twists the magnetic field and electric fields to the point of generating one of more massive gravitational waves that resonate then a type 1a supernova occurs.
  • How do static electric or magnetic fields form?  [2023-03-06 @ 12:51 PM]
    • Whether made by humans or part of the natural world, a static electric or magnetic field forms under the following conditions:
      • Physical contact between 2 or more materials.
      • The materials differ in conductive or insulative properties.
      • Electromagnetic waves are present.
    • When those 3 criteria are met, electromagnetic waves separate or dissociate into electric or magnetic waves.  If those form standing waves then an electric or magnetic field results.  The 2 fields are inseparable such that generating an electric field forms a surrounding magnetic field and vice versa. 
  • What are electric or magnetic fields?  [2023-02-22 @ 07:54 PM]
    • An electric field is a standing electrical wave.
    • A magnetic field is a standing magnetic wave.
    • They form or exist when the other is generated on the outside or inside boundary between between.
    • The boundary itself is an electromagnetic wave which may be resonant and have 3 dimensions.
  • What are the types of electric charge?  [2023-02-28 @ 07:30 PM]
    • Neutral, positive, and negative.
    • When a positive and negative charge resonate within a field they produce a neutral charge.
    • Should a neutral charge be given a value of 1, the positive or negative charges would each have 1/2 charge.
  • What are the types of magnetic polarity?  [2023-02-28 @ 07:30 PM]
    • Neutral, north, and south.
    • When the north pole and south poles  resonate between fields they produce a neutral pole.
  • What are resonant standing electric or magnetic waves?  [2023-02-28 @ 07:30 PM]
    • Static electric fields or static magnetic fields.
      • When either type of field is in motion the other type is generated on the outer or inner surface or boundary.
      • Motion exists when a fields frequency is non-zero. It grows or shrinks or changes position relative to it's parent field.
      • Fields interact by exchanging their outermost fields.
  • What are static electric or static magnetic fields?
    • A resonant, standing or static, electric or magnetic wave is a static field.
  • Why does it seem more difficult to remove magnets from metal surfaces the longer they stay there?  [2023-02-26 @ 06:57 PM]
    • Magnets share or loan their magnetic fields through transfer or mixing of  electric or magnetic fields.
    • When the term "electric or magnetic fields" is used it means all electric or magnetic fields superimposed from the base universe to the sharing.
    • The more time a magnet is given, the more transfer can complete.
    • A "borrowed" field becomes strongest or remains longest when it's loaned in direct contact with a magnet.
    • It may exist only briefly when loaned through space or time.
  • Why do static electric fields maintain strength or form longer during warmer months?  [2023-02-22 @ 07:54 PM]
    • Due to water vapor in the air.
      • Water molecules are polar with one end or side negative and one positive.
      • This allows them to link or stick together.
      • It also makes an individual water molecule slightly magnetic though it becomes canceled out as more molecules join.
  • What's the difference between electric current and magnetic current?  [2023-01-28 @ 07:03 AM]
    • Electric current is the result of separating the charges in a static electric field:
      • Has no frequency.
      • Measured in volts.
    • AC (Alternating Current) is neither electric or magnetic current - it's the movement of electric potential.
    • DC (Direct Current) is magnetic current:
      • Requires the presence of a static electric field to work efficiently.
      • It actually separates the charges (being magnetic current) in a static electric field which generates actual electric current.
  • What is AC (Alternating Current) exactly?  [2023-02-01 @ 07:45 AM]
    • It's actually magnetic current.
    • It travels on the surface of a wire or cable as a resonant wave.
    • Follow up question:  How is that known with any certainty?
      • The logic is simple enough.  If you know how static electric fields are produced (and ever tried to "fix" a blown-out fuse from a floor or oscillating fan) it's obvious that any attempt to "fix" a fuse results in the production of a static electric field.
      • Because static electric fields are generated or produced any time 2 materials which differ in their conductive or insulative properties are in physical contact AND when a resonant wave is applied to the point of contact... then AC "electricity" must be a form of resonant wave.
  • If both AC and DC are magnetic current, do our homes or devices use electricity at all?  [2023-02-02 @ 04:15 AM]
    • Yes, they do use electricity. 
    • Could you imagine if there was some reason - relating to national security - for lying or "allowing" everyone to "misunderstand" how AC or DC "electricity" work?  Let's hope the screw up was an honest one.
    • Magnetic current needs a static electric field before there's any electricity.
      • It causes the electric charges in the field to separate resulting in electric current.
  • What happens when a magnet is broken into pieces which are moved away from each other?  [2023-02-20 @ 12:14 AM]
    • A shared magnetic field will extend or stretch when the individual magnets are separated by distance.
      • Magnetic fields form wherever there's an electric field.
      • They are a standing wave on the surface of a electric field.
      • When a single magnet is broken or whole magnets are in direct or indirect contact for enough time to exchange part of their respective fields, the shared field will narrow as it stretches.
      • Increasing the distance between them quickly causes the shared field to narrow quickly.
      • Increasing it slowly gives the field time to rebuild between the pieces or whole magnets without narrowing as quickly.
      • The shared field itself exists as a shared electric field surrounded by a magnetic field.
  • Why are we still so dependent on rocket launches to reach space?
    • I don't know if the reverse of this question was ever answered.  Knowing that question has a reverse is key:
      • Starting with generally accepted fact:
        • A pervasive electric field (classical context) and magnetic field (classical context) exist throughout all space in our universe.
        • Both fields are able to lose or gain their respective potentials.
      • Switching to theory:
        • When electric field potential decreases it causes a corresponding decrease in the strength of magnetic fields.
          • Not so helpful in this context.
        • When electric field potential increases it causes a corresponding increase in the strength of magnetic fields.
          • Potentially very helpful in this context.
        • Nothing is guaranteed - the possibility is still remote - but this may allow angular momentum alone to provide the power rockets are currently needed for.
  • What caused or came before the "Big Bang"?
    • Well, we need to define "before". And unfortunately, the answer makes little sense when explained going back in time.  It should make sense at the very end when the arrow of time for the answer is reversed.
      • 0 - A "Big Bang" of space-time results.
      • 1 - The second law of thermodynamics is violated (by the increase in entropy with no change in time).  [2022-12-22 @ 08:42 AM]
      • 2 - Time continues running backwards as space contracts. As space contracts to the moment it came into existence and time ceases an increase in entropy occurs.
      • 3. The momentum of a spinning, collapsing, increasingly resonant across frequencies (how many?) region of space contracts space all the way to the beginning of time.
      • 4. A massive object - possibly a star - within an increasingly strong static electromagnetic field
  • What exactly are neutron stars?
    • Partially clothed singularities?
  • Would a "donut" or torus geometry be possible for a singularity? [2023-03-31 @ 03:45 PM]
    • Yes, given a fast enough rotation some singularities may pass through a "donut" phase.
    • This could also explain unusual or distinctively shaped supernova remnants observed.
  • What would happen if an object accelerated through space toward the speed of light was somehow able to reach the speed of light?
    • It's a duality of 2 answers:
      • The object would exit time and space.
      • The object would "become" or "sink" into a singularity.
  • Why does time only appear to move forward?
    • Any change in the dimension of space is time.
    • When the dimension of space expands, the arrow of time moves forward.
      • This is what we're most familiar with and why time seems to only move forward.
    • When the dimension of space contracts, the arrow of time moves backwards.
      • We don't often get to see this close up.
      • This effect certainly occurs close up.  It happens so often it's going on right now between the LCD or display you're reading this from.  [2023-02-02 @ 04:23 AM]
  • How do faraday cages work?  [2023-02-11 @ 01:21 PM]
    • Electromagnetic waves are converted or separated into static electric and non-static magnetic fields as they pass through a set of insulative-conductive-insulative layers of materials.  Resonance between the 3 layers is at work.
      • A cage or container constructed from metal will start oxidizing after being made.
      • The inner and outer layers of oxidation add 2 layers to the conductive metal making it insulative-conductive-insulative.
      • Passing electromagnetic waves through a set of layers which are insulative-conductive-insulative converts them to a static electric field (which of course is surrounded by a magnetic field):
        • An electric current results should something cause the static electric field's charges to separate.
        • The magnetic field travels around the cage until it can reconnect.
  • How exactly does radio work?  [2023-02-14 @ 11:13 PM]
    • The underlying explanation is actually... gravity waves (but you probably already guessed that if you read to this point).
      • The only reason they don't wreak havoc on us and the planet is because they aren't fully resonant under normal circumstances.
      • Our expanding use of wireless technologies is making their presence known more often every day.
  • How do you keep or maintain a connection:  [2023-02-11 @ 06:36 PM]
    1. Between 2 static electric fields?
      • Complete isolation of both static electric fields.
      • This is done by surrounding them with additional static electric fields.
      • The greater the difference in properties between an inner static electric field and the outer one isolating it, the shorter it takes before isolation is breached.
    2. Between 2 magnetic fields?
      • Partial exchange of each magnetic field.
      • This can be done by joining or exchanging magnet fields through conductive or insulative materials.
      • The more insulative the material, the longer it takes for a given magnetic field to exchange or transfer.
        • But the exchange lasts longer.
        • The magnetic fields are anchored stronger.
        • Separating or distancing the connected magnetic fields should be done more slowly.
        • More insulative materials don't allow joined magnetic fields to stretch as quickly as conductive.
  • How is the Earth's magnetic field generated?  [2022-12-18 @ 07:37 PM]
    • The standard answer - that it's generated by electric currents caused by the movement or convection of molten metals - leaves out the first step in the process:
      • When 2 materials are in contact and differ in their conductive and insulative properties, a static electric field is produced.
      • Even when both materials are metals or more conductive than insulative (like iron and nickel) they still differ so produce a static electric field when in contact.
      • An electric current is created when magnetic field(s) cause the charges in the static electric field to separate.
      • The resulting electric current can then generate or power the magnetic field.
  • Why is the Earth's magnetic field weakening or moving?  [2023-02-27 @ 05:22 PM]
    • There must be more than one magnetic field within the planet.
    • Whether the core is divided or more than 1 exists, resonance between them is expected to produce a stronger field and oscillation in it's strength, position, or rate of change.
  • Why is the Earth's mass increasing?  [2023-04-04 @ 01:40 AM] [2023-04-04 @ 03:01 PM]
    • There are 2 reasons:
      1. Mass is the pressure of gravity against space:
        • Space becomes more susceptible to gravity's effects as electric or magnetic potential is removed.
        • Mass effectively increases.
      2. The same effect responsible for the sun's corona temperatures - resonant standing waves - now occurs in the Earth's atmosphere which adds to it's gravitational field.
        • The still expanding use of wireless technologies is most likely responsible.
  • When or how does light traveling through space become a photon?  [2023-01-02 @ 03:48 PM]
    • A photon doesn't ever exist "traveling" in empty space.  It's when light strikes the interface or boundary between a conductive or insulative material (2 different static electric fields) a static electric field is produced or generated, and a photon created when the light's electric and magnetic components are separated.
  • How is it possible to get "something from nothing" in quantum physics? [2022-09-13 @ 10:42 PM]
    • It's not possible and that's not what's occuring.  Consider a few examples:
      • During the separation of a quark and antiquark in a meson, a new set of particle/antiparticle pairs will sometimes be pulled out of the empty space between them.
        • Separation of a quark and antiquark breaks the resonance which holds them together.  There's no "sometimes" to the process either.  Should a resonant oscillation form and find a static electric, static magnet, or both fields to aquire it's own static field from... new particle/antiparticle pairs will form.
  • What determines prime numbers?
    • The rules for how magnetic fields from a number of cubic shapes assemble to the most stable magnetic field configuration determine whether the number is prime or not.
    • The underlying basis for this is resonance of 2 or 3.
  • How will our Universe end? [2023-03-27 @ 12:24 AM]
    • If we do nothing:
    • If we're around then and are able to do something:
  • How might a universe be ended or one began? [2023-03-27 @ 12:26 AM]
    • For a civilization which never assumed responsibility for more than a planet?
      • 2 or 3 things are needed:
        • Sufficient gravitational field to achieve resonant oscillation within a given projected electric or magnetic field to offset any underlying expansion and trigger a self sustaining collapse.
        • Angular momentum or spin.
      • If the collapse carries all the way back to when time began for the collapsing field - but no further [to self: I'm not sure yet.  Read those articles.] the momentum must be sufficient to collapse a given projected electric or magnetic field
      • If the collapse carries all the way back to when time began for the entire projected collapsing field (the beginning of it's universe) so that time ceases.
        • The second law of thermodynamics (entropy only changes over time) requires time which results in another expanding space-time.
        • [To self:  you haven't remembered to read several articles I need for missing pieces.  Don't forget.]
        • sufficient momentum to and the momentum must be sufficient to collapse a given projected electric or magnetic field.
  • How could something the size of our planet ever translate into something like a universe?  [2023-03-27 @ 12:29 AM]
    • If the electric or magnetic fields are continuous (they can be stretched forever without breaking or snapping only growing thinner or weaker) then the next universe may be indistinguishable from this one for those inside it.
    • The difference would be relative scope or scale.
  • Is it possible for global warming to somehow be connected to the increasing use of wireless technologies like Bluetooth, WiFi, or cellular?  [2023-02-20 @ 08:34 PM]
    • There's no evidence to support that.
    • A connection can be theorized using basic physics though testing it may or may not be simple.  Some initial assumptions would be:
      • Assume wireless signals resonate with each other above the surface.
      • Assume that resonant signals are themselves gravitational waves.
      • Assume those surround the planet and are spread across frequencies.
      • Assume this generates a gravitational field distinct from the planets original field.
      • Assume the same effect occurs in the sun's corona and is responsible for the unexplained temperatures observed.
      • Assume the effect applies anywhere resonant signals exist in an atmosphere.
      • If each assumption is correct,  the possibility exists for a connection between global warming and wireless technologies.



Appendix of Updates

  • 2022-09-08 @ 07:13 PM
  • 2022-09-13 @ 10:42 PM
  • 2022-10-02 @ 10:09 PM
  • 2022-11-13 @ 04:40 PM
  • 2022-11-13 @ 05:18 PM
  • 2022-11-13 @ 05:21 PM
  • 2022-11-13 @ 05:35 PM
  • 2022-12-18 @ 07:37 PM
  • 2022-12-20 @ 08:49 PM
  • 2022-12-20 @ 09:02 PM
  • 2022-12-20 @ 09:12 PM
  • 2022-12-21 @ 01:34 AM
  • 2022-12-22 @ 07:10 AM
  • 2022-12-22 @ 08:10 AM
  • 2022-12-22 @ 08:39 AM
  • 2022-12-22 @ 08:42 AM
  • 2022-12-25 @ 06:16 PM
  • 2023-01-02 @ 03:48 PM
  • 2023-01-02 @ 03:53 PM
  • 2023-01-28 @ 07:03 AM
  • 2023-01-30 @ 06:45 PM
  • 2023-02-01 @ 07:45 AM
  • 2023-02-02 @ 04:15 AM
  • 2023-02-02 @ 04:23 AM
  • 2023-02-11 @ 01:21 PM
  • 2023-02-11 @ 06:36 PM
  • 2023-02-12 @ 01:33 PM [added image above title]
  • 2023-02-12 @ 06:29 PM [Updated introduction]
  • 2023-02-14 @ 11:13 PM [Added question on radio]
  • 2023-02-15 @ 09:38 PM [Added question on a star's weight]
  • 2023-02-26 @ 07:28 PM [Added question for time travel]
  • 2023-02-15 @ 09:40 PM [edited answer for the forces keeping a star stable]
  • 2023-02-15 @ 09:45 PM [shortened the answer for dark energy]
  • 2023-02-19 @ 02:55 AM [added question for the electron]
  • 2023-02-19 @ 10:33 AM [added question for matter antimatter imbalance]
  • 2023-02-20 @ 12:14 AM [added question about broken magnets]
  • 2023-02-20 @ 08:34 PM [added question about global warming]
  • 2023-02-20 @ 08:46 PM [edited the answer for time]
  • 2023-02-22 @ 07:54 PM [added 2 questions]
  • 2024-02-24 @ 11:57 AM [added 2 questions]
  • 2023-02-26 @ 06:21 PM [edited title and introduction]
  • 2023-02-26 @ 06:57 PM [added question on removing magnets]
  • 2023-02-26 @ 07:17 PM [edited answer for a star's weight]
  • 2023-02-26 @ 07:29 PM [added question on time travel]
  • 2023-02-26 @ 11:20 PM [edited answer for neutrinos]
  • 2023-02-26 @ 11:21 PM [edited phrasing for introduction]
  • 2023-02-27 @ 03:50 AM [added name for neutrinos]
  • 2023-02-27 @ 05:22 PM [edited answer for earth's magnetic field moving]
  • 2023-03-02 @ 09:57 AM [edited answer for dark matter (added 'or space')]
  • 2023-02-02 @ 10:17 AM [added question on neutrino detectors]
  • 2023-03-04 @ 04:23 PM [added question on the universe as a hologram or projection]
  • 2023-03-04 @ 04:25 PM [edited answer on dark energy]
  • 2023-03-04 @ 06:57 PM [added questions on electromagnetism and magnetoelectrism]
  • 2023-03-06 @ 12:51 PM [added question how static fields form]
  • 2023-03-06 @ 12:56 PM [edited answer on dark energy]
  • 2023-03-14 @ 03:52 AM [edited answer on resonance]
  • 2023-03-26 @ 12:24 AM [strikeout of bad question]
  • 2023-03-27 @ 12:26 AM [added question]
  • 2023-03-27 @ 12:29 AM [added question]
  • 2023-03-28 @ 02:41 PM [added question on varying dark matter]
  • 2023-03-28 @ 03:32 PM [edited question on speed of light]
  • 2023-03-29 @ 05:48 PM [archived version 2]
  • 2023-03-29 @ 05:49 PM [fixed incomplete link to version 1]
  • 2023-03-29 @ 06:06 PM [edited answer for dark matter]
  • 2023-03-29 @ 08:07 PM [edited answer for dark matter changing over time]
  • 2023-03-29 @ 08:09 PM [edited answer for dark matter]
  • 2023-03-29 @ 10:47 PM [edited answer for dark matter]
  • 2023-03-31 @ 03:39 PM [added question on resonance and mass]
  • 2023-03-31 @ 03:45 PM [added question on donut singularities]
  • 2023-04-02 @ 10:15 AM [added question on producing gravitational waves]
  • 2023-04-03 @ 12:22 AM [edited introduction]
  • 2023-04-04 @ 01:40 AM [edited answer for the earth gaining mass]
  • 2023-04-04 @ 03:01 PM [edited answer for earth gaining mass]
  • 2023-04-24 @ 06:13 PM [edited answer for what is dark matter]
  • 2023-05-04 @ 03:39 PM [added question on radioactive decay rates during winter.]
  • 2023-05-23 @ 02:00 PM [added questions on static electricity and static electric discharge]
  • 2023-05-23 @ 02:06 PM [removed question about electrons (plural)]
  • 2023-05-23 @ 02:22 PM [edited answer for static electric discharge]
  • 2023-06-03 @ 01:43 PM [edited answer on artificial gravity]
  • 2023-06-03 @ 01:47 PM [renamed 'Theory' to '"Theory"']
  • 2023-07-03 @ 01:56 PM [added question on thermal radiation from the sun]
  • 2023-07-16 @ 12:41 PM [added question on neutron star explosion or implosion (heard or perceived during a church service]
  • 2023-07-16 @ 12:54 PM [added question on quarks being wrapped (heard or perceived while watching "How It's Made" on tv]
  • 2023-07-16 @ 01:00 PM [edited introduction]
  • 2023-07-30 @ 03:20 PM [struck question on neutrinos and added it as a different question]
  • 2023-07-30 @ 03:22 PM [edited answer on what is an electron]




Appendix of Versions

on No comments:

Basis of Prime Numbers

Basis of Prime Numbers

Prime numbers are determined based on the rules of assembly for cubic magnetic fields.   A manageable theory which explains it must be modular and developed in an agile manner.

Definition of Terms:

  • Universe = The duality of a space-time and a singularity that we exist in.



on No comments:

Basis of Antimatter

Basis of Antimatter

Our universe varies between very little or no antimatter.  It appears that normal matter outcompeted the anti-equivalent prior to the present.  A manageable theory which explains it must be modular and developed in an agile manner.

Definition of Terms:

  • Universe = The duality of a space-time and a singularity that we exist in.
  • Electric wave =
  • Electric field = 
  • Magnetic wave =
  • Magnetic field = 
  • Electromagnetic field = A static electric field surrounded by a magnetic field.
    • A gravity field forms on the surface or boundary between the 2 fields from a resonant gravity wave.
  • Magnetoelectric field = A static magnetic field surrounded by an electric field.
    • A gravity field forms on the surface or boundary between the 2 fields from a resonant gravity wave.
  • Space = The fluctuating oscillation of the electric, magnetic, and duality fields.
  • Mass = The pressure a gravitational field exerts on space. = The resistance of the gravitational wave background against a gravity field moving through it. = The pressure caused by resistance of the gravitational wave background against a gravity field moving through it.
  • Lemniscate =
  • Matter = 
  • Antimatter = 

The most visible or relatively long lived example of antimatter is named "ball lightning".  In appearance it's described as spherical in shape, .....

In movement it's described as independent of gravity, wind, or objects in it's path.

Many questions about antimatter can be answered should it be determined both it and "ball lightning" result from the same creation of a static magnetoelectric field:

  • CP Violation
    • An electric field doesn't provide the same stabilizing or containing force on a magnetic field as a magnetic field provides to an electric one.
      • Given that a resonant gravity wave forms a gravity field on either the inside or outside surface or boundary of an...
    • Should "ball lightning" prove to be as stated with sizes documented from millimeters to meters in diameter the corresponding stability of antimatter is expected to be less than matter.
    • The answer to matter's dominance over antimatter in our universe may depend partly on stability.


Appendix of Recipes

  • "Pearl of Wisdom" inside out:  [2022-08-17 @ 05:48 AM]
    • Create a "pearl of wisdom".
    • Contain or levitate it within a static magnetic field.
    • Use a minimal step process to convert it's static electric field to a static magnetic field and the containing static magnetic field to a static electric field.


Appendix of Predictions



Appendix of Versions

  • 2022-08-15 @ 01:34 AM
  • 2022-08-17 @ 05:48 AM

on No comments:

Basis of Fields (Pervasive)

Basis of Fields (Pervasive)

Our universe appears constructed or framed on fields or dimensions.

I've been suggested there are 7 fields.  I don't know enough to be able to prove or disprove that number.


Definition of Terms:

  • Universe = The duality of a singularity and space-time we exist in.
  • Space = Any region where the electric, magnetic, and duality fields are present with fluctuating oscillations.
  • Time = A change or oscillation in the dimension of space. Time moves forward when space expands and backward when space contracts for a given region of space.
  • Space-time = The name used when describing  space and time due to their inseparable nature.
  • Electric field = One of the [__] fields which make up space for a universe described as a space-time.  It's the electric force for a universe  described as a singularity.  The field is a function of space-time or space-time arises from it.
  • Magnetic field = One of the [__] fields which make up space for a universe described as a space-time.  It's the magnetic  force for a universe described as a singularity.  The field is a function of space-time or space-time arises from it.
  • Duality (Time?) "field" = 
on No comments:

Basis of Virtual Particles

Basis of Virtual Particles

Space can be described as virtually empty or filled with virtual particles.  A manageable theory which explains it must be modular and developed in an agile manner.

Definition of Terms:

  • Virtual particle = A resonant oscillation in space that's not contained within a static electromagnetic field.
    • Pre-quark
  • Pair of virtual articles = The virtual particle and corresponding anti-virtual particle that appear together.
  • Hawking radiation = The energy a singularity contributes to a virtual particle in the form of a static electromagnetic field.
  • Evaporation = Corona effect = The process of a singularity losing it's electromagnetic shell to virtual particle collisions over time.
  • Uncontained gravitational collapse =

Matter out of "nothing"

When resonance between oscillations in space amplifies their strength a pair of virtual particles can be created.

Should this occur in the vicinity of a singularity then 1 virtual particle in the pair may encounter the outer boundary of it and aquire enough of a static electromagnetic field to turn the virtual particle into an actual one - a quark.


on No comments:

Basis of Time

Basis of Time

Our universe experiences an arrow of time which moves or flows in 1 or 2 directions.  A manageable theory which explains it must be modular and developed in an agile manner.

Our perception of time is little changed for half a century.  There's a very poor reason for that.  But by considering the duality of the universe and the very nature (basis) of space, gravity, and reality itself, we can understand things we'd otherwise need to simply accept on their surface value.

References:


Definition of Terms:

  • Universe = The duality of a space-time and a singularity that we exist in.


Resonance consists of a pair of oscillations mediated by a third oscillation which allows the pair to resonate.

This leads to a duality for time:

  • A mediating oscillation which allows the electric field and magnetic field to resonate as space.
  • A change in the dimension of space.

Any change in the dimension of space is the passage of time.  When the dimension of space expands, the arrow of time moves forward - this is why we only see the arrow of time moving in that one direction.  When the dimension of space contracts, the arrow of time moves backwards.  Describing time this way gives meaning to the speed of light, explains why an object's mass increases when accelerated toward the speed of light, and why time slows down for an object accelerated toward the speed of light.

For an object accelerated toward the speed of light, the amount of space it traverses will slowly catch up to how quickly space itself is expanding.  Once an object reaches the same velocity that space itself is expanding it can't travel any faster - it's reached the same maximum speed as light.  As an object approaches the speed of light and the amount of space it traverses catches up to the expansion of space itself, it experiences less of the expansion of space so time should slow down.  We know through many experiments that time dilates this way as expected.  And with that same velocity, the object no longer moves through space or time.  It holds to the same point for the underlying singularity that makes up the duality of the universe.  At the moment the speed of light is reached, an object transitions from a universe described as a space-time to a universe described as a singularity and exits space-time.

It's only light - which has no gravitational field - which can travel without resistance against the gravitational wave background. This allows it to reach the full speed limit of space without the penalty impose by having mass.  Light has no mass because it consists of only an electric field and a magnetic field perpendicular to each other and to the direction of motion.  It has no gravitational field so no gravitational energy.  This links the speed of light to the expansion of space.  So the speed we find for light is actually a measurement of the velocity for the expansion of the universe itself.


Appendix of Predictions




Appendix of Updates

  • 2022-04-12 @ 03:05 AM
  • 2022-07-29 @ 02:47 AM



Appendix of Previous Versions



on No comments:

Basis of our Universe

Basis of our Universe

Our universe is a duality.  It can be described as a space-time or singularity.  It can be represented as a 2 dimensional line (a "one way trip" or journey) or as a 1 dimensional point (virtually round).  Resonance defines it at every scope or scale.  A manageable theory which explains it must be modular and developed in an agile manner.

The way we perceive our universe is little changed for half a century.  There's a very poor reason for that.  Regardless, it's possible to understand things we would otherwise need to accept on their surface value by recognizing it's underlying duality.   A theory of our universe must account for both waves (space-time) and particles (singularity) as each contribute to its nature (basis).

The silver ago of physics began a short time ago.  It's already drawing to a close.  We're long overdue for a golden age of physics.


Definition of Terms:

  • Universe = The duality of a singularity and space-time we exist in.

  • Space = Any region where the electric, magnetic, and duality fields are present with fluctuating oscillations.
  • Time = A change or oscillation in the dimension of space. Time moves forward when space expands and backward when space contracts for a given region of space.
  • Space-time = The name used when describing  space and time due to their inseparable nature.
  • Gravitational wave = A resonant oscillation in the electric, magnetic, and duality fields.
  • Gravitational field = Gravity = The sum of all resonant oscillations in the electric, magnetic, and duality fields for a given space.
  • Gravitational wave background = Quantum foam = The fluctuating oscillations in the electric, magnetic, and duality fields which exist for all space.
  • Gravitational pressure = The resistance of space-time to expand or contract due to gravity. = The resistance of the electric, magnetic, and duality fields to resonant oscillation. = The force exerted on space-time by a gravitational field.
  • Gravitational energy = Gravitational wave apart from a wave form. = The resonant oscillations in the electric, magnetic, and duality fields.
  • Anti-gravity = The application of centrifugal force to counter the effects of gravity.  When combined with resonance this has applications in the aeronautics, space, and other industries.
  • Anti-particle = The name for any particle which is the corresponding opposite of the matter version.
    • A matter particle and it's opposite antimatter particle annihilate each other in collisions.
    • Only those formed through resonance have an antimatter counterpart.
  • Spin = The angular momentum of an elementary particle. = An innate property of an elementary particle from it's creation. = A property of resonance in that each field resonating can contribute a component to spin.
  • Spin quantum numbers = Both the electric and magnetic fields can resonate and contribute a component to spin:
    • The definition of spin where s = n / 2 contains the number 2 for this reason.
  • Lemniscate = The elementary resonant oscillations formed at the smallest relative scale when the momentum from the spin and energy density of a collapsing singularity breaks the resonant oscillation responsible for the collapse.

    • Figure showing the resonant oscillation as a standing wave within a static electromagnetic field.
    • Lemniscates form having spin polarization - the degree to which spin (angular momentum) is aligned in a particular direction.
    • They should be grouped into 2 classifications of spin:
      • Left
      • Right
    • Lemniscates with opposite spins should annihilate each other in a collision - this forms the basis of matter and antimatter.
    • Lemniscates should tend to form with the same spin when there's only 1 source of spin for a collapsing singularity.
    • Lemniscates in significant number with different spins may occur more often with 2 or more sources of spin for a collapsing singularity.
    • The term "matter" is used to describe the dominant type remaining after annihilation from collisions.  The term "antimatter" is used to describe the remaining type.
  • Quarks = The elementary particles consisting of 3 lemniscates formed when the momentum from the spin and energy density of a collapsing singularity breaks the resonant oscillation responsible for the collapse.   There's no big bang of space-time created if the resonance is broken before time ceases.  If the resonance is broken as time ceases, the sudden increase in entropy violates the 2nd law of thermodynamics and a big-bang of space-time results.
    • The matter and antimatter names for them are:
      • Quark
      • Antiquark
    • Quarks can decay when oscillations in the electric, magnetic, or duality fields compromise a lemniscate's integrity.
      • Radioactive decay results.
    • There are 6 quarks because of the 6 degrees of freedom possible from 3 components of translation and 3 components of rotation.  The types are:
      • "up"
      • "down"
      • "strange"
      • "charm"
      • "bottom"
      • "top"
  • Electron = A resonant oscillation in the electric field.  Like the quark, it has a "left" and "right" version which represent the:
    • Electron
    • Anti-electron (positron)
  • Proton = A subatomic particle consisting of 2 "up" quarks and 1 "down" quark, bound together through resonance.
  • Neutron = A subatomic particle consisting of 2 "down" quarks and 1 "up" quark, bound together through resonance.
  • Matter = The atoms and molecules which consist of neutrons, protons, and electrons.  Neutrons and protons consist of quarks which may be 1 or more lemniscates.
  • Antimatter = The opposite of matter in terms of the "loops" which make up it's quarks. =  The anti-atoms and anti-molecules which consist of anti-neutrons, anti-protons, and anti-electrons (positrons).
    • An anti-neutron consists of anti-quarks:
      • 1 "up" anti-quark.
      • 2 "down" anti-quarks.
      • Bound together through resonance.
    • An anti-proton consists of anti-quarks:
      • 2 "up" anti-quarks.
      • 1"down" antiquark.
      • Bound together through resonance.
    • An anti-electron (positron).
  • Quarks = The elementary particles consisting of 3 lemniscates formed when the momentum from the spin and energy density of a collapsing singularity breaks the resonant oscillation responsible for the collapse.   There's no big bang of space-time created if the resonance is broken before time ceases.  If the resonance is broken as time ceases, the sudden increase in entropy violates the 2nd law of thermodynamics and a big-bang of space-time results.
    • Rings form having spin polarization - the degree to which spin (angular momentum) is aligned in a particular direction.
    • They're grouped into 2 classifications of spin:
      • Left
      • Right
    • Any 2 rings with opposite spins will annihilate each other in a collision - this forms the basis of matter and antimatter.
    • Rings should tend to form with the same spin when there's only 1 source of spin for a collapsing singularity.
    • Rings in significant number with different spins should occur most often with 2 or more sources of spin for a collapsing singularity.
    • The term "matter" is used to describe the dominant ring type remaining after annihilation from collisions.  The term "antimatter" is used to describe the remaining ring type.  The names for them are:
      • Quark
      • Antiquark
    • Quarks can decay when oscillations in the electric, magnetic, or duality fields compromise a rings integrity.
      • Radioactive decay results.
    • There are 6 quarks because of the 6 degrees of freedom possible from 3 components of translation and 3 components of rotation.  The types are:
      1. "up"
      2. "down"
      3. "strange"
      4. "charm"
      5. "bottom"
      6. "top"
  • Electron = A resonant oscillation in the electric field.  Like the quark, it has a "left" and "right" version which represent the:
    • Electron
    • Anti-electron (positron)
  • Proton = A subatomic particle consisting of 2 "up" quarks and 1 "down" quark, bound together through resonance.
  • Neutron = A subatomic particle consisting of 2 "down" quarks and 1 "up" quark, bound together through resonance.
  • Matter = The atoms and molecules which consist of neutrons, protons, and electrons.  All matter is composed of them.
  • Antimatter = The opposite of matter in terms of the lemniscates which make up it's quarks. =  The anti-atoms and anti-molecules which consist of anti-neutrons, anti-protons, and anti-electrons (positrons).
    • An anti-neutron consists of anti-quarks:
      • 1 "up" anti-quark.
      • 2 "down" anti-quarks.
      • Bound together through resonance.
    • An anti-proton consists of anti-quarks:
      • 2 "up" anti-quarks.
      • 1 "down" antiquark.
      • Bound together through resonance.
    • An anti-electron (positron).
  • Matter Antimatter Symmetry = 
  • CP (charge conjugation parity) violation = 
  • Mass = The pressure a gravitational field exerts on space. = The resistance of the gravitational wave background against a gravity field moving through it. = The pressure caused by resistance of the gravitational wave background against a gravity field moving through it.
  • Electric field = One of the 3 fields which make up space for a universe described as a space-time.  It's the electric force for a universe  described as a singularity.  The field is a function of space-time or space-time arises from it.
  • Magnetic field = One of the 3 fields which make up space for a universe described as a space-time.  It's the magnetic  force for a universe described as a singularity.  The field is a function of space-time or space-time arises from it.
  • Duality field = One of the 3 fields which make up space.  It mediates the transition between waves for a universe described as a space-time and particles for a universe described as a singularity.  Also known as the quantum field or entropy field.
  • Light = An oscillation propagating through the electric and magnetic fields (oriented perpendicular to each other and to the direction of motion).
  • Speed of light = The speed that space is expanding  or contracting.  This makes it's unit of measure: distance / time.
  • Speed of the universe expansion = The speed which space itself is expanding or contracting.  This also makes it's unit of measure: distance / time.
    • It's also the speed of light.
  • Strong interaction (strong nuclear force) = Resonance between  the lemniscates which make up quarks and the particles made of quarks.
    • Binds quarks together to form protons and neutrons.
    • Binds protons and neutrons together to form the nucleus of atoms.
  • Weak interaction (weak nuclear force) =
  • Neutrino - An oscillation propagating through the magnetic field (perpendicular to the direction of motion).
    • The field oscillation can gain or lose energy as it travels due to background oscillations or other field oscillations.
    • Observed changes in neutrino "flavors" or oscillation between types during flight are the result.
    • It's electrically neutral due to having no electric field component.
    • There are 3 types of neutrinos corresponding to the 3 degrees of freedom from 2 components of translation and one angle of rotation:
      1. electron neutrino
      2. muon neutrino
      3. tau neutrino
  • Current-ality field - Another way of describing a multidimensional field with a number of dimensions equal to the number of ways to describe it. Our universe's Duality is our Current-ality.
  • Next-ality field - The additional dimension added to the Current-ality field when a singularity forms and the momentum of it's collapse pierces it's singularity to create a new space-time. In science fiction this is known as space+.
  • Previous-ality - The subtraction of a dimension from the Current-ality field if one were to travel through the singularity - which makes up half the duality of the universe - to the space-time it formed in.  In science fiction this is known as space-
  • Discontinuity? = Anomalous = Any region of space-time where the electric, magnetic, or duality fields have lost or gained a disproportionate amount of potential.
  • Quantum foam = The fluctuating oscillations in the electric, magnetic, and duality fields at the smallest scale.
    • Resonance between oscillations readily occurs at this scale where it creates the smallest singularities which immediately wink out of existence and emit virtual particles.
  • Dark matter = The observed result of 3 effects:
    • Relativistic gravity = Oscillating gravitational waves imparting relativistic effects as they pass due to resistance between the gravitational wave background and existing gravitational fields.
    • Resonance between gravitational waves of similar frequency due to events occurring under like conditions.
    • The redistribution of gravitational energy back through time when a singularity forms.
  • Dark energy = The observed result of space-time losing elasticity locally as field potential is lost in some areas and gained in others.  All measurements taken from the vantage point of the earth are effected by this.
    • An inferred tendency that as space expands, it's resistance to gravitational pressure weakens.
  • Hawking radiation = The virtual particle which escapes annihilation in a pair when the other crosses the static electric field boundary surrounding a singularity.
  • Static electric field = An electric field which doesn't  change with time.  Any type of propagating wave within a static electric field - depending on the field intensity - will reflect off the field inner surface to form a standing/stationery/static wave:
    • An expanding field decreases the frequency of standing/stationary/static waves within it.  The frequency shifts as the wave reflects off the inner surface expanding outward.
    • A contracting field increases the frequency of standing/stationary/static waves within it.  The frequency shifts as the wave reflects off the inner surface contracting inward.
  • Static magnetic field =
  • Singularity = A region where a resonant oscillation in the electric, magnetic and duality fields forms a standing/stationary/static wave within a static electric field with enough energy to start the collapse of space within the region.  gravitational energy exceeds the ability of space to expand quickly enough toward equilibrium. This causes space to contract instead of expand, time to move backwards, light to slow down, stop, then begin accelerating at negative speed. The result is termed a "black hole" with light itself being unable to escape it's pull.  Our perception of light may be backwards in that respect - if light has no gravitational field it shouldn't be drawn in at all.  It's space itself which can't escape and light goes along for the ride.
    • The ground state for a singularity is the instant before infinite densities are reached.
    • The electric, magnetic, and duality field densities increase toward infinite density.
    • As the arrow of time goes backwards and space collapses back toward an infinitely small point, time itself ceases at the moment the universe exists as a singularity.
  • Big bang = The moment space comes into existence and time starts.  This can occur when the momentum of a collapsing singularity carries it through the moment the universe exists as a singularity.
  • Reality = the reason for universal constants like PI and others. (Something about the nature of the universe / the nature of space)
  • Second law of thermodynamics = A universal law which states that the entropy (disorder) of a system only increases with time.  The law itself is a duality.

Both entanglement and the double-slit experiment are considered counter intuitive observations at the quantum level.  But both begin to make sense if the universe is described as both an expanding space and a singularity.

For entanglement, having 2 particles connected - so a change in one's state is instantly reflected in the other - implies they both occupy the same space.  All points are the same point in a singularity and all particles are always "touching" so "spooky action at a distance" becomes comprehendible.  This also provides an explanation for the time measured for a change in one entangled particle to be reflected in the other.  The amount of time implies the change somehow propagates at a velocity greater than the speed of light.  With experiments of greater accuracy we may find the change to be instantaneous regardless of distance.  This is also explained by a universe described as a singularity.  With all points the same point any change can be reflected instantly regardless of the distance between an entangled pair in a universe described as an expanding space.

The way which entanglement works can be demonstrated using a static electric field:

  1. Start with a single static electric field generated by contact between a conductive material and an insulative material with and a single neodymium magnet to retain the field
  2. Break the magnet into 2 pieces (actually, the shock of breaking it will destroy or release the static electric field - poor choice of words )nd divide the conductive and insulative materials between them.
    • You now have a static electric field in 2 (still connected) regions of space.
    • The distance between the 2 fields can be increased as long as the contained space within them has remaining potential and/or the static electric field grows proportionately.
      • The contained region of space within the 2 connected static electric fields can give up electromagnetic potential to stretch.

    • Each magnet, conductor, and insulator can be separated by any given distance as long as the contained space within the static electric field has remaining potential.

    • This can occur until zero potential is reached and a rupture results in 2 separate static electric fields with individual contained regions of space.

    • If a disconnect or rupture separates the static electric field connecting the 2 regions, they can still remain joined through a form of entanglement under the following initial conditions:

When the Universe is described as an expanding region of space, light behaves as a wave and space-time is fundamentally continuous.  When the Universe is described as a singularity, light behaves as a particle and space-time is fundamentally discrete.  By describing the universe as a duality of both, light can behave as one or the other depending on the universe it's described in.  When an experiment is performed to determine whether light is a wave or a particle, the experiment chosen confines the measurement to one way of describing the universe or the other.  It's that choice which determines the nature of light.

There's more to waves than a crest and trough - they actually travel through space in a corkscrew.  The perception of waves in it's current form is due to the use of the monopole antenna (straight rod conductor) which registers the wave in only 2 dimensions as it travels perpendicular to the antenna.  This leaves out another entire dimension that a "wave" may exist in.  A slight upgrade in antenna can provide what's been missing from perception.  By using an antenna which receives in 3 dimensions - instead of 2 - the corkscrew nature of waves can be seen.


Appendix of Testable Predictions

  1. Our universe must be contained within a static electromagnetic field.
  2. Whether our universe is conductive or insulating, it must be expanding into the same.  That conclusion can be inferred from our universes continued expansion.  From the formation of a singularity and how the gradual strengthening of it's static electromagnetic field causes a singularity to be contained and collapse we must assume the field containing our universe isn't gaining significantly in strength.


Appendix of References

Appendix of Updates

  • 2022-04-18 @ 10:37 PM
  • 2022-03-18 @ 01:44 PM
  • 2022-05-09 @ 02:32 AM, 03:55 AM, 04:25 AM
  • 2022-06-01 @ 04:26 PM
  • 2022-06-01 @ 05:26 PM
  • 2022-06-03 @ 04:28 PM
  • 2022-06-24 @ 08:25 PM
  • 2022-06-26 @ 12:39 AM
  • 2022-08-16 @ 09:24 PM


Appendix of Credited and/or Contributing:

Listed in order of increasing contribution:
  • N.A.T.E.
    • Provided reminder on appropriate use of sarcastic wit.
  • D.K.F.
    • Provided example of bouncing back from a set up.
  • J.P.S.
    • Provided an example of knowing who they are, liking who they are, and enjoying who they are. [2023-05-03 @ 07:38 PM]
  • A.Z.X.
    • Provided confirmation of observations.
    • Provided information on wireless protocols.
  • X.D.J.
    • Provided confirmation of observations.
    • Contributed illustration(s).
  • T.S.
    • Provided guidance on how to illustrate something that exists entirely in another individual's mind.
    • Declined to provide any contribution which could be perceived as "selling out" for all possible future outcomes.
  • J.A.C
    • Provided an example to why giving a bully what they want can never be allowed to happen - it just makes it worse for the next individual.
    • Showed the effectiveness of unconscious communication between a pedestrian and a driver.
  • P.J.P.
    • Provided an example of knowing when not to be involved only to be included by name at the last second by a supposed friend.
  • [Anonjmduc]
  • J._.C.
    • Provided training and advice on transitions between versions and technologies.
  • J._.E.
    • Predicted areas where expert knowledge would be needed.
    • Recognized the significance of resonant oscillations.
  • [Placeholder for anyone "missed".]  [2023-07-25 @ 03:00 PM]
  • E.H.
  • V.M.Y.  [2023-05-05 @ 01:46 PM]
    • Provided an example of identifying a need and trying to meet it when time was short and the need great.
  • Unnamed student physicist who was offered a "collaboration".  [2023-07-25 @ 02:59 PM]
  • J.M.S
    • Declined to answer questions which led the wrong direction.
    • Asked a single question.
  • N.dG.T.
    • Suggested a way forward in line with our universe.
  • M S.S.C. now M.S.S.U Honors Program, Faculty, Graduates, Students
    • Needs no explanation or needs space to grow.

Appendix of Versions

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