Basis of our Universe

Basis of our Universe

Our universe is a duality.  It can be described as a space-time or singularity.  It can be represented as a 2 dimensional line (a "one way trip" or journey) or as a 1 dimensional point (virtually round).  Resonance defines it at every scope or scale.  A manageable theory which explains it must be modular and developed in an agile manner.

The way we perceive our universe is little changed for half a century.  There's a very poor reason for that.  Regardless, it's possible to understand things we would otherwise need to accept on their surface value by recognizing it's underlying duality.   A theory of our universe must account for both waves (space-time) and particles (singularity) as each contribute to its nature (basis).

The silver ago of physics began a short time ago.  It's already drawing to a close.  We're long overdue for a golden age of physics.


Definition of Terms:

  • Universe = The duality of a singularity and space-time we exist in.

  • Space = Any region where the electric, magnetic, and duality fields are present with fluctuating oscillations.
  • Time = A change or oscillation in the dimension of space. Time moves forward when space expands and backward when space contracts for a given region of space.
  • Space-time = The name used when describing  space and time due to their inseparable nature.
  • Gravitational wave = A resonant oscillation in the electric, magnetic, and duality fields.
  • Gravitational field = Gravity = The sum of all resonant oscillations in the electric, magnetic, and duality fields for a given space.
  • Gravitational wave background = Quantum foam = The fluctuating oscillations in the electric, magnetic, and duality fields which exist for all space.
  • Gravitational pressure = The resistance of space-time to expand or contract due to gravity. = The resistance of the electric, magnetic, and duality fields to resonant oscillation. = The force exerted on space-time by a gravitational field.
  • Gravitational energy = Gravitational wave apart from a wave form. = The resonant oscillations in the electric, magnetic, and duality fields.
  • Anti-gravity = The application of centrifugal force to counter the effects of gravity.  When combined with resonance this has applications in the aeronautics, space, and other industries.
  • Anti-particle = The name for any particle which is the corresponding opposite of the matter version.
    • A matter particle and it's opposite antimatter particle annihilate each other in collisions.
    • Only those formed through resonance have an antimatter counterpart.
  • Spin = The angular momentum of an elementary particle. = An innate property of an elementary particle from it's creation. = A property of resonance in that each field resonating can contribute a component to spin.
  • Spin quantum numbers = Both the electric and magnetic fields can resonate and contribute a component to spin:
    • The definition of spin where s = n / 2 contains the number 2 for this reason.
  • Lemniscate = The elementary resonant oscillations formed at the smallest relative scale when the momentum from the spin and energy density of a collapsing singularity breaks the resonant oscillation responsible for the collapse.

    • Figure showing the resonant oscillation as a standing wave within a static electromagnetic field.
    • Lemniscates form having spin polarization - the degree to which spin (angular momentum) is aligned in a particular direction.
    • They should be grouped into 2 classifications of spin:
      • Left
      • Right
    • Lemniscates with opposite spins should annihilate each other in a collision - this forms the basis of matter and antimatter.
    • Lemniscates should tend to form with the same spin when there's only 1 source of spin for a collapsing singularity.
    • Lemniscates in significant number with different spins may occur more often with 2 or more sources of spin for a collapsing singularity.
    • The term "matter" is used to describe the dominant type remaining after annihilation from collisions.  The term "antimatter" is used to describe the remaining type.
  • Quarks = The elementary particles consisting of 3 lemniscates formed when the momentum from the spin and energy density of a collapsing singularity breaks the resonant oscillation responsible for the collapse.   There's no big bang of space-time created if the resonance is broken before time ceases.  If the resonance is broken as time ceases, the sudden increase in entropy violates the 2nd law of thermodynamics and a big-bang of space-time results.
    • The matter and antimatter names for them are:
      • Quark
      • Antiquark
    • Quarks can decay when oscillations in the electric, magnetic, or duality fields compromise a lemniscate's integrity.
      • Radioactive decay results.
    • There are 6 quarks because of the 6 degrees of freedom possible from 3 components of translation and 3 components of rotation.  The types are:
      • "up"
      • "down"
      • "strange"
      • "charm"
      • "bottom"
      • "top"
  • Electron = A resonant oscillation in the electric field.  Like the quark, it has a "left" and "right" version which represent the:
    • Electron
    • Anti-electron (positron)
  • Proton = A subatomic particle consisting of 2 "up" quarks and 1 "down" quark, bound together through resonance.
  • Neutron = A subatomic particle consisting of 2 "down" quarks and 1 "up" quark, bound together through resonance.
  • Matter = The atoms and molecules which consist of neutrons, protons, and electrons.  Neutrons and protons consist of quarks which may be 1 or more lemniscates.
  • Antimatter = The opposite of matter in terms of the "loops" which make up it's quarks. =  The anti-atoms and anti-molecules which consist of anti-neutrons, anti-protons, and anti-electrons (positrons).
    • An anti-neutron consists of anti-quarks:
      • 1 "up" anti-quark.
      • 2 "down" anti-quarks.
      • Bound together through resonance.
    • An anti-proton consists of anti-quarks:
      • 2 "up" anti-quarks.
      • 1"down" antiquark.
      • Bound together through resonance.
    • An anti-electron (positron).
  • Quarks = The elementary particles consisting of 3 lemniscates formed when the momentum from the spin and energy density of a collapsing singularity breaks the resonant oscillation responsible for the collapse.   There's no big bang of space-time created if the resonance is broken before time ceases.  If the resonance is broken as time ceases, the sudden increase in entropy violates the 2nd law of thermodynamics and a big-bang of space-time results.
    • Rings form having spin polarization - the degree to which spin (angular momentum) is aligned in a particular direction.
    • They're grouped into 2 classifications of spin:
      • Left
      • Right
    • Any 2 rings with opposite spins will annihilate each other in a collision - this forms the basis of matter and antimatter.
    • Rings should tend to form with the same spin when there's only 1 source of spin for a collapsing singularity.
    • Rings in significant number with different spins should occur most often with 2 or more sources of spin for a collapsing singularity.
    • The term "matter" is used to describe the dominant ring type remaining after annihilation from collisions.  The term "antimatter" is used to describe the remaining ring type.  The names for them are:
      • Quark
      • Antiquark
    • Quarks can decay when oscillations in the electric, magnetic, or duality fields compromise a rings integrity.
      • Radioactive decay results.
    • There are 6 quarks because of the 6 degrees of freedom possible from 3 components of translation and 3 components of rotation.  The types are:
      1. "up"
      2. "down"
      3. "strange"
      4. "charm"
      5. "bottom"
      6. "top"
  • Electron = A resonant oscillation in the electric field.  Like the quark, it has a "left" and "right" version which represent the:
    • Electron
    • Anti-electron (positron)
  • Proton = A subatomic particle consisting of 2 "up" quarks and 1 "down" quark, bound together through resonance.
  • Neutron = A subatomic particle consisting of 2 "down" quarks and 1 "up" quark, bound together through resonance.
  • Matter = The atoms and molecules which consist of neutrons, protons, and electrons.  All matter is composed of them.
  • Antimatter = The opposite of matter in terms of the lemniscates which make up it's quarks. =  The anti-atoms and anti-molecules which consist of anti-neutrons, anti-protons, and anti-electrons (positrons).
    • An anti-neutron consists of anti-quarks:
      • 1 "up" anti-quark.
      • 2 "down" anti-quarks.
      • Bound together through resonance.
    • An anti-proton consists of anti-quarks:
      • 2 "up" anti-quarks.
      • 1 "down" antiquark.
      • Bound together through resonance.
    • An anti-electron (positron).
  • Matter Antimatter Symmetry = 
  • CP (charge conjugation parity) violation = 
  • Mass = The pressure a gravitational field exerts on space. = The resistance of the gravitational wave background against a gravity field moving through it. = The pressure caused by resistance of the gravitational wave background against a gravity field moving through it.
  • Electric field = One of the 3 fields which make up space for a universe described as a space-time.  It's the electric force for a universe  described as a singularity.  The field is a function of space-time or space-time arises from it.
  • Magnetic field = One of the 3 fields which make up space for a universe described as a space-time.  It's the magnetic  force for a universe described as a singularity.  The field is a function of space-time or space-time arises from it.
  • Duality field = One of the 3 fields which make up space.  It mediates the transition between waves for a universe described as a space-time and particles for a universe described as a singularity.  Also known as the quantum field or entropy field.
  • Light = An oscillation propagating through the electric and magnetic fields (oriented perpendicular to each other and to the direction of motion).
  • Speed of light = The speed that space is expanding  or contracting.  This makes it's unit of measure: distance / time.
  • Speed of the universe expansion = The speed which space itself is expanding or contracting.  This also makes it's unit of measure: distance / time.
    • It's also the speed of light.
  • Strong interaction (strong nuclear force) = Resonance between  the lemniscates which make up quarks and the particles made of quarks.
    • Binds quarks together to form protons and neutrons.
    • Binds protons and neutrons together to form the nucleus of atoms.
  • Weak interaction (weak nuclear force) =
  • Neutrino - An oscillation propagating through the magnetic field (perpendicular to the direction of motion).
    • The field oscillation can gain or lose energy as it travels due to background oscillations or other field oscillations.
    • Observed changes in neutrino "flavors" or oscillation between types during flight are the result.
    • It's electrically neutral due to having no electric field component.
    • There are 3 types of neutrinos corresponding to the 3 degrees of freedom from 2 components of translation and one angle of rotation:
      1. electron neutrino
      2. muon neutrino
      3. tau neutrino
  • Current-ality field - Another way of describing a multidimensional field with a number of dimensions equal to the number of ways to describe it. Our universe's Duality is our Current-ality.
  • Next-ality field - The additional dimension added to the Current-ality field when a singularity forms and the momentum of it's collapse pierces it's singularity to create a new space-time. In science fiction this is known as space+.
  • Previous-ality - The subtraction of a dimension from the Current-ality field if one were to travel through the singularity - which makes up half the duality of the universe - to the space-time it formed in.  In science fiction this is known as space-
  • Discontinuity? = Anomalous = Any region of space-time where the electric, magnetic, or duality fields have lost or gained a disproportionate amount of potential.
  • Quantum foam = The fluctuating oscillations in the electric, magnetic, and duality fields at the smallest scale.
    • Resonance between oscillations readily occurs at this scale where it creates the smallest singularities which immediately wink out of existence and emit virtual particles.
  • Dark matter = The observed result of 3 effects:
    • Relativistic gravity = Oscillating gravitational waves imparting relativistic effects as they pass due to resistance between the gravitational wave background and existing gravitational fields.
    • Resonance between gravitational waves of similar frequency due to events occurring under like conditions.
    • The redistribution of gravitational energy back through time when a singularity forms.
  • Dark energy = The observed result of space-time losing elasticity locally as field potential is lost in some areas and gained in others.  All measurements taken from the vantage point of the earth are effected by this.
    • An inferred tendency that as space expands, it's resistance to gravitational pressure weakens.
  • Hawking radiation = The virtual particle which escapes annihilation in a pair when the other crosses the static electric field boundary surrounding a singularity.
  • Static electric field = An electric field which doesn't  change with time.  Any type of propagating wave within a static electric field - depending on the field intensity - will reflect off the field inner surface to form a standing/stationery/static wave:
    • An expanding field decreases the frequency of standing/stationary/static waves within it.  The frequency shifts as the wave reflects off the inner surface expanding outward.
    • A contracting field increases the frequency of standing/stationary/static waves within it.  The frequency shifts as the wave reflects off the inner surface contracting inward.
  • Static magnetic field =
  • Singularity = A region where a resonant oscillation in the electric, magnetic and duality fields forms a standing/stationary/static wave within a static electric field with enough energy to start the collapse of space within the region.  gravitational energy exceeds the ability of space to expand quickly enough toward equilibrium. This causes space to contract instead of expand, time to move backwards, light to slow down, stop, then begin accelerating at negative speed. The result is termed a "black hole" with light itself being unable to escape it's pull.  Our perception of light may be backwards in that respect - if light has no gravitational field it shouldn't be drawn in at all.  It's space itself which can't escape and light goes along for the ride.
    • The ground state for a singularity is the instant before infinite densities are reached.
    • The electric, magnetic, and duality field densities increase toward infinite density.
    • As the arrow of time goes backwards and space collapses back toward an infinitely small point, time itself ceases at the moment the universe exists as a singularity.
  • Big bang = The moment space comes into existence and time starts.  This can occur when the momentum of a collapsing singularity carries it through the moment the universe exists as a singularity.
  • Reality = the reason for universal constants like PI and others. (Something about the nature of the universe / the nature of space)
  • Second law of thermodynamics = A universal law which states that the entropy (disorder) of a system only increases with time.  The law itself is a duality.

Both entanglement and the double-slit experiment are considered counter intuitive observations at the quantum level.  But both begin to make sense if the universe is described as both an expanding space and a singularity.

For entanglement, having 2 particles connected - so a change in one's state is instantly reflected in the other - implies they both occupy the same space.  All points are the same point in a singularity and all particles are always "touching" so "spooky action at a distance" becomes comprehendible.  This also provides an explanation for the time measured for a change in one entangled particle to be reflected in the other.  The amount of time implies the change somehow propagates at a velocity greater than the speed of light.  With experiments of greater accuracy we may find the change to be instantaneous regardless of distance.  This is also explained by a universe described as a singularity.  With all points the same point any change can be reflected instantly regardless of the distance between an entangled pair in a universe described as an expanding space.

The way which entanglement works can be demonstrated using a static electric field:

  1. Start with a single static electric field generated by contact between a conductive material and an insulative material with and a single neodymium magnet to retain the field
  2. Break the magnet into 2 pieces (actually, the shock of breaking it will destroy or release the static electric field - poor choice of words )nd divide the conductive and insulative materials between them.
    • You now have a static electric field in 2 (still connected) regions of space.
    • The distance between the 2 fields can be increased as long as the contained space within them has remaining potential and/or the static electric field grows proportionately.
      • The contained region of space within the 2 connected static electric fields can give up electromagnetic potential to stretch.

    • Each magnet, conductor, and insulator can be separated by any given distance as long as the contained space within the static electric field has remaining potential.

    • This can occur until zero potential is reached and a rupture results in 2 separate static electric fields with individual contained regions of space.

    • If a disconnect or rupture separates the static electric field connecting the 2 regions, they can still remain joined through a form of entanglement under the following initial conditions:

When the Universe is described as an expanding region of space, light behaves as a wave and space-time is fundamentally continuous.  When the Universe is described as a singularity, light behaves as a particle and space-time is fundamentally discrete.  By describing the universe as a duality of both, light can behave as one or the other depending on the universe it's described in.  When an experiment is performed to determine whether light is a wave or a particle, the experiment chosen confines the measurement to one way of describing the universe or the other.  It's that choice which determines the nature of light.

There's more to waves than a crest and trough - they actually travel through space in a corkscrew.  The perception of waves in it's current form is due to the use of the monopole antenna (straight rod conductor) which registers the wave in only 2 dimensions as it travels perpendicular to the antenna.  This leaves out another entire dimension that a "wave" may exist in.  A slight upgrade in antenna can provide what's been missing from perception.  By using an antenna which receives in 3 dimensions - instead of 2 - the corkscrew nature of waves can be seen.


Appendix of Testable Predictions

  1. Our universe must be contained within a static electromagnetic field.
  2. Whether our universe is conductive or insulating, it must be expanding into the same.  That conclusion can be inferred from our universes continued expansion.  From the formation of a singularity and how the gradual strengthening of it's static electromagnetic field causes a singularity to be contained and collapse we must assume the field containing our universe isn't gaining significantly in strength.


Appendix of References

Appendix of Updates

  • 2022-04-18 @ 10:37 PM
  • 2022-03-18 @ 01:44 PM
  • 2022-05-09 @ 02:32 AM, 03:55 AM, 04:25 AM
  • 2022-06-01 @ 04:26 PM
  • 2022-06-01 @ 05:26 PM
  • 2022-06-03 @ 04:28 PM
  • 2022-06-24 @ 08:25 PM
  • 2022-06-26 @ 12:39 AM
  • 2022-08-16 @ 09:24 PM


Appendix of Credited and/or Contributing:

Listed in order of increasing contribution:
  • N.A.T.E.
    • Provided reminder on appropriate use of sarcastic wit.
  • D.K.F.
    • Provided example of bouncing back from a set up.
  • J.P.S.
    • Provided an example of knowing who they are, liking who they are, and enjoying who they are. [2023-05-03 @ 07:38 PM]
  • A.Z.X.
    • Provided confirmation of observations.
    • Provided information on wireless protocols.
  • X.D.J.
    • Provided confirmation of observations.
    • Contributed illustration(s).
  • T.S.
    • Provided guidance on how to illustrate something that exists entirely in another individual's mind.
    • Declined to provide any contribution which could be perceived as "selling out" for all possible future outcomes.
  • J.A.C
    • Provided an example to why giving a bully what they want can never be allowed to happen - it just makes it worse for the next individual.
    • Showed the effectiveness of unconscious communication between a pedestrian and a driver.
  • P.J.P.
    • Provided an example of knowing when not to be involved only to be included by name at the last second by a supposed friend.
  • [Anonjmduc]
  • J._.C.
    • Provided training and advice on transitions between versions and technologies.
  • J._.E.
    • Predicted areas where expert knowledge would be needed.
    • Recognized the significance of resonant oscillations.
  • [Placeholder for anyone "missed".]  [2023-07-25 @ 03:00 PM]
  • E.H.
  • V.M.Y.  [2023-05-05 @ 01:46 PM]
    • Provided an example of identifying a need and trying to meet it when time was short and the need great.
  • Unnamed student physicist who was offered a "collaboration".  [2023-07-25 @ 02:59 PM]
  • J.M.S
    • Declined to answer questions which led the wrong direction.
    • Asked a single question.
  • N.dG.T.
    • Suggested a way forward in line with our universe.
  • M S.S.C. now M.S.S.U Honors Program, Faculty, Graduates, Students
    • Needs no explanation or needs space to grow.

Appendix of Versions

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